Generality/Definition
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These conditions refer to an inflammation and infection of the tissue and skin that surround the eye.
Pre-septal cellulitis involves the area from the skin of the eyelid to the bony area that encloses the eye.
Orbital cellulitis is an infection that involves the eye and the eye structures within the bony cavity of the face.
Both of these conditions are serious and require immediate medical attention by your child's physician.
Source: Eye Care - Cellulitis (uuhsc.utah.edu)
Epidemiology
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Source: eMedicine - Cellulitis, Preseptal : Article by Aaron L Sobol, MD (emedicine.com)
Prevention
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Source: Orbital cellulitis Orbital cellulitis (pennhealth.com)
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What causes pre-septal/orbital cellulitis?
The most common cause of these types of cellulitis is from an infection with bacteria(Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae).
The two most common ways the infection gets into the eye include : trauma Direct trauma,the infection begins in the sinuses.
Source: Eye Care - Cellulitis (uuhsc.utah.edu)
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Symptoms
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Patients with preseptal cellulitis will present with an acutely painful, swollen eyelid. Because of the pronounced edema, the patient may not be able to open his or her eyes.
However, there will be no disturbance in visual acuity or ocular motility, nor any signs of proptosis. There may be a concurrent history of sinus infection or congestion, penetrating trauma to the eyelid, or dental infection. In most cases, the patient will be systemically well and afebrile (not feverish).
The patient with orbital cellulitis may be of any age or sex.
There will be noticeable lid edema and redness, distention, proptosis, and significant pain upon palpation. Additionally, there will be diplopia from extraocular motility limitations. The patient will also be systemically ill and have a fever.
Source: Orbital Cellulitis (revoptom.com)
Diagnosis
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Diagnosis is usually based on a complete medical history and physical examination of your child.
In addition, your child's physician may order the following tests to help confirm the diagnosis: blood tests x-ray, a CT or CAT scan . The extent of the infection is detected by performing a CT scan. cultures of the drainage from the eyes
Source: Eye Care - Cellulitis (uuhsc.utah.edu)
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Treatment
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Pre-septal cellulitis: Specific treatment for pre-septal cellulitis will be determined by your child's physician. Treatment will usually include : Orbital cellulitis: Specific treatment for orbital cellulitis will be determined by your child's physician.
Treatment may include:
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Orbital cellulitis : Hospitalization is usually required.
Treatment consists of IV fluids with antibiotics. Surgical drainage of an abscess may be necessary. These infections can progress rapidly, and they must be carefully followed every few hours.
Complications: Cavernous sinus thrombosis, Hearing loss, Septicemia or blood infection, Meningitis, Optic nerve damage and loss of vision.
Source: Orbital cellulitis Orbital cellulitis (pennhealth.com)
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Illustrations
Scientific articles:
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