Generality/Definition
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Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a very common condition affecting one's distance vision. The light that enters the eye through the cornea and the crystalline lens is bent in such a way that the resulting image focuses not on the retina (the light sensitive inner wall located at the back of the eye), but in front of it. A concave lens can be used to correct the image.
Source: Myopia (uniteforsight.org)
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A shortsighted/nearsighted eye is a very long eye characterized by the creation of a picture in front of the retina. The optical nerve translates a blurred picture to the brain. The further the source of skint, the more blurred the picture will be. On the other hand, a shortsighted/nearsighted eye will be able to see clearly, the stronger the shortsightedness/nearsightedness is, the shorter the vision distance would be.
Source: SHORTSIGHTED/NEARSIGHTED EYE (myopes.com)
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People who are short-sighted are at a slightly higher risk of retinal detachment due to thinner retinal layers. This is when there is a separation between the two main layers of the retina. It occurs when there is tension pulling on the retina which tears and then allows fluid to seep in and collect between the layers.
Source: Retinal detachment (cataract-doctor.com)
Symptoms
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A child isn't always manifesting his usual troubles, so it is really necessary to go regularly to an ophtalmologist to do control visits. Daily observations: Your child is screwing up his eyes to see in the distance or maybe he's got a real tendancy to be too close to his books or to the TV ? Do you to screw up yours eyes to watch roadsigns ? Or not to be able to recognise in the distance the faces of the people you know ?
Source: SHORTSIGHTED/NEARSIGHTED EYE (myopes.com)
Treatment
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The excimer laser ( excited and dimer ) is using a fluorine and rare gas ( argon ) mixing. Its use allows not to have contacts between the instrument and the cornea ( avoids an infection ). Sending a ray in the UV spectrum has the consequence to pulling off the molecules. It sprays a cornea film at each impact ( around 0.25 m ). The fineness of the cornea films vaporized is the reason of the correction's accuracy of the excimer laser. The operation The intervention takes place on local anaesthesia, with using just a collyrium a few minutes before the operation. It will allow to anaesthetize the cornea. The patient is installed on a surgical armchair to ensure a perfect position under the laser. Using a retractor allows to maintain the eye in the opened position without pain or any risk. The surgeon must take off the epithelium to do this intervention. It's possible then to ablate directly in the corneal stroma. There are many existing techniques: the first one consists in using a surgical spatule and to scratch the eye's surface. Anyway, the most used technique is the use of a brush, which takes off a cylindrical surface of epithelium, superior than the zone to treat. The practicians prefer yet to use again a surgical spatule on the surface. To obtain correct results, it is necessary to remove epithelium of the zone to treat. There is an other technique mainly used, which consists to expose the epithelium with an alcoholized solution, in order to peel it and to remove it with a surgical spatule. The practician draws now the central aim with a corneal marker and he asks the patient to watch a light situated in the center of the ray. It's possible to begin the treatment. The operation is very short and allows then to avoid a decentralized treatment. When the eye is moving a lot, the treatment must be immediately stopped. When the eye becomes stable again, you can continue to operate. At the end of the intervention, some healing drops can be added on the eye and some analgesics are also prescribed.
Source: SHORTSIGHTED/NEARSIGHTED EYE (myopes.com)
Illustrations
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Source: Myopia (uniteforsight.org)
The light that enters the eye through the cornea and the crystalline lens is bent in such a way that the resulting image focuses not on the retina (the light sensitive inner wall located at the back of the eye), but in front of it. A concave lens can be used to correct the image.
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