Generality/Definition
Epidemiology
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Source: Review of Optometry (revoptom.com)
Prevention
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Source: University Health Services Tang Center : Online Health Topics (uhs.berkeley.edu)
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Sunglasses offer the best eye protection from UV light, better than visor hats or parasols.
To help consumers make the most informed choice of eye wear to protect them from ultraviolet exposure, FDA and the Sunglass Association of America have developed a labeling agreement, under which sunglass labels will indicate the "use category" of the product.
Source: Protecting Your Eyes From Everyday Hazards (June 1990) (fda.gov)
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Symptoms
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Erythema: or sunburn is a common result of overexposure to UVR. Depending upon an individual's skin type and the daily UV index, erythema can occur within as little as 16 minutes.
Photokeratitis: or snowblindness, occurs after over-exposure of the cornea to UVR. It is estimated that as little as 2 hours exposure to snow cover and 6-8 hours at a beach can trigger this painful condition.
Basal cell carcinoma is the most commonly occurring cancer affecting the eyelids- with 75 percent of lesions occurring on the lower lid. Studies have shown that children who experience multiple sunburns are more likely to develop skin cancer as an adult.
Pterygium are fleshy growths over an otherwise clear cornea. In 1989, a study revealed that outdoor workers are three times as likely to develop pterygium and six times as likely to develop climatic droplet keratopathy.
Cataracts have been associated with UVB exposure in laboratory animals since 1974. In 1988, a study of 838 watermen working in the Chesapeake Bay (latitude 37 degrees north) revealed an increased risk of cortical cataracts when UVB exposure was doubled.
Age-related Macular Degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in elderly Americans. Although definitive links have yet to be found, the Schepens Eye Institute and the American Macular Degeneration Foundation have reported that exposure to UVR and High Energy (blue) Visible Light may be linked to ARMD.
Source: Review of Optometry (revoptom.com)
Treatment
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What does UV Index mean? | UV Index | Category | Sun Protection Actions | | 0 - 2 | Low | Minimal protection for normal activity | | 3 - 5 | Moderate | Cover up. Wear hat, sunglasses, sunscreen if outside for 30 min. | | 6 - 7 | High | Protection required. Reduce time in sun between 11AM and 4PM | | 8 - 10 | Very High | Take full precautions and avoid sun between 11AM and 4PM | | 11+ | Extreme | Take full precautions and avoid sun between 11AM and 4PM |
Source: Stratospheric Ozone - The Health Impacts of Living With Ultraviolet Radiation (ec.gc.ca)
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BLOCKS 99% OF ULTRAVIOLET RAYS: You should always buy sunglasses with this feature.
GROUND AND POLISHED:Some nonprescription glasses are ground and polished to improve the quality of the lenses. Nnonprescription lenses that are not ground and polished will not hurt your eyes.
IMPACT RESISTANT: All sunglasses must meet impact standards set by the Federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for safety.
POLARIZED: Polarized lenses cut reflected glaresunlight that bounces off smooth surfaces like pavement or water. They can be particularly useful for driving and fishing.
PHOTOCHROMIC: A photochromic glass lens automatically darkens in bright light and becomes lighter in low light. Most of the darkening takes place in about half a minute, while the lightening takes about five minutes. Photochromic lenses come in a uniform or gradient tint.
BLUE-BLOCKING : Whether blue light is harmful to the eye is still controversial.
Source: Sunglasses: What You Need To Know - Better Vision (nbc4.tv)
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Illustrations
Association
Scientific articles:
All recent articles for "Ultraviolet Rays"
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